This book highlights some of the most pressing safety, ethical, legal and societal issues related to the diverse contexts in which robotic technologies apply. Focusing on the essential concept of well-being, it addresses topics that are fundamental not only for research, but also for industry and end-users, discussing the challenges in a wide variety of applications, including domestic robots, autonomous manufacturing, personal care robots and drones.

To address the topic of children’s online aggression, this article explores a subsample from the EU Kids Online dataset of 1404 children, aged 9–16, who reported having engaged in aggressive acts online in the previous year. Through a cluster analysis, respondents were classified into three groups. Findings emphasize the risk factors for aggression and how they relate to age-specific developmental tasks. Boys predominate, but the gender gap is not as wide as in offline contexts. For almost half of the children, (...) aggression goes hand in hand with victimization. All the clusters share high levels of emotional deprivation. A sense of lacking social support, from both adults and peers, becomes more relevant among those children with high and more problematic engagement in online aggression. Results confirm that online aggression must be considered within the complex and fluid offline–online continuum cutting across the social contexts in which children grow. (shrink)

No mais profundo centro: João da Cruz e o Sufismo Sadili cantam a união transformante Carlos Frederico Barboza de Souza O camelô em Belo Horizonte: aspectos da informalidade e da identidade Maria Aparecida Carvalho de Castro Igreja, povo de Deus, sujeito da comunhão e da missão Cleto Caliman A literatura como questionamento do sujeito da modernidade: Memórias do cárcere, de Graciliano Ramos, e A peste, de Albert Camus João Pereira Pinto O ensino religioso na rede pública (...) estadual de Belo Horizonte -MG: história, modelos e percepções de professores sobre formação e docência Douglas Cabral Dantas. (shrink)

Na passagem da Idade Média para aidade Moderna, o triângulo constituído pelosmotivos conceptuais "homem-natureza-Deus" éum triângulo cuja base, constituída pela relaçãohomem-natureza, tende a assumir, diríamos nósem termos cusanos, uma dimensão infinita nummovimento em que o vértice coincideprogressivamente com essa base transformandotal triângulo numa recta infinita. O lugar detransição que ocupa o pensamento do Cardealalemão é, por isso, paradigmático, encontrado asua expressão plena na forma como transpõe parao Renascimento alguns tópicos recorrentes nopensamento medieval: em primeiro lugar, omotivo do homo, imago Dei, (...) através do qualcomeça por ser pensada a relação do sujeitohumano com o universo, fundamentalmente noâmbito do conhecimento; depois, como segundoponto baseado triângulo, o motivo do livro danatureza, de que o homem se constitui comoprivilegiado intérprete; ligado a estes dois motivose estabelecendo a sua respectiva ligaçãonuma perspectiva estética e criadora, o motivo dooperar humano como imitação da natureza,baseado numa nova leitura do que é a natureza e,também, do que é a arte; em quarto e últimolugar, o motivo do homem como microcosmo,que reassume de urna forma significativa os trêsmotivos anteriores e que, reassumindo-os, éreconfigurado numa perspectiva verdadeiramentedinâmica e criadora. (shrink)

Neste estudo procedemos a uma leitura detalhada da obra editada por Emmanuele Vimercati e Valentina Zaffino, Nicholas of Cusa and the Aristotelian Tradition. A Philosophical and Theological Survey, cuja oportunidade começamos por realçar. Os estudos que a constituem abordam a relação do pensamento cusano com Aristóteles e a tradição aristotélica e o modo como essa tradição chega a Nicolau de Cusa, mostrando ecos da sua presença na Lógica e na Epistemologia, na Física e na Psicologia, na Metafísica, na Ética e (...) na Política, incluindo ainda um capítulo especial dedicado aos sermões do Cardeal alemão. A conclusão gral é a de que a inscrição do pensamento deste autor no neoplatonismo e na corrente mística, esquece habitualmente, de modo injusto, o papel que o diálogo com a tradição aristotélica desempenhou na sua constituição. Neste estudo crítico, a par do reconhecimento do elevado mérito dos contributos reunidos na obra, são também deixadas algumas notas críticas relativamente a alguns pormenores, o que não altera a perceção muito positiva que a leitura do livro nos deixou. (shrink)

The article begins by placing Nicholas of Cusa's ideas in the context of Mysticism, whilst, at the same time, establishing the continuing actuality of the topic. After a short review of the concept of art as an imitation of nature through Antiquity and the Middle Ages, the second part of the essay deals with the originality of the Germán Cardinal's development of the concept of "imitatio" and the relation he posits between art and nature. The third part explores some significant (...) examples of the role played by art and its symbolic use in his writing, with particular attention to the icón of the allseeing eye in De visione Dei and to play in De ludo globi. (shrink)

En este texto tratamos de dar un testimonio, basado en una relación de varias décadas con Mariano Álvarez Gómez, sobre su dedicación al pensamiento de Nicolás de Cusa y a su divulgación en el mundo ibérico. Al mismo tiempo que subrayamos su profundo conocimiento de la obra del Cardenal alemán, intentamos mostrar cómo ese conocimiento se basaba en una relación afectiva con el pensamiento estudiado y en una red de afectos que se fue estructurando y fortaleciendo en Europa y en (...) el resto del mundo con los más insignes especialistas en la obra del Cardenal alemán. Se acreditó así como uno de los más reputados investigadores de su pensamiento, haciendo de su vida, a semejanza de Nicolás de Cusa, una «caza de la sabiduría», obra cuya traducción nos dejó casi al final de su vida, tal como su autor la escribió también como su testamento filosófico. (shrink)

Rorty enfrentou as contingências do mundo contemporâneo apostando no partilhamento da “retórica das democracias liberais”, como a mais aceita e mais adequada em uma sociedade caracterizada pelo fim das metanarrativas e das condutas de moral absoluta. Mas essa aposta resvala claramente num pragmatismo moral mal disfarçado. Luhmann, ao contrário, levou até o fim a preocupação, abandonada por Rorty, de elaborar uma teoria antimetafísica e despida de um projeto normativo para a sociedade contemporânea. Sua teoria dos sistemas enfrenta as contingências do (...) mundo, excluindo tudo que for externo ao sistema, ou seja, tudo que não possa se tornar um mecanismo de manutenção da identidade dos sistemas face à complexidade do mundo. Rorty faces the contingencies of contemporary world by betting on the sharing of liberal democracies rhetorics as most fitted for a society characterized by the end of meta-narratives and absolute moral conducts. This bet clearly presents a moral pragmatism contrary to the ideas of Luhmann, who takes to its final consequences the project abandoned by Rorty of elaborating an antimetaphysics without a normative project for contemporary society. Luhmann’s theory of systems faces the contingencies of the world by excluding all that is external to the system, that is, all that cannot be converted into a mechanism of the maintenance of the identity of systems in facing the complexity of the world. (shrink)

8 March, now known as International Women’s Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal (...) well-being and collective well-being, collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women’s rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people from countries in Latin America and Europe, with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks. Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals. (shrink)

RESUMO A partir dos estudos e reflexões de Mikhail Bakhtin sobre a origem e o desenvolvimento da prosa e do romance no Ocidente, este artigo intenta pensar a sua particularidade em torno das grandes produções literárias de ficção na América Latina, no século XX. Trabalhando basicamente com os conceitos de dialogismo e barroquismo, o artigo investiga, em fragmentos selecionados, aquelas que seriam algumas das principais marcas deixadas desse grande embate com as nossas marcas de fundação.ABSTRACT From Mikhail Bakhtin's studies and (...) discussions about the origins and development of prose and novel in the West, the purpose of this paper is to reflect on the peculiarities of the novel in great literary fictional productions in Latin America during the twentieth century. Based on the concepts of dialogism and the Baroque, this article investigates, with a selection of fragments, the main characteristics of the dialogic confrontation in the formation of Latin America. (shrink)

Este trabalho apresenta exemplos de emissoras de rádio nas Américas que desempenharam um papel fundamental no processo de resistência ao poder estabelecido em seus territórios, com destaque para relatos de experiências nas quais os elementos não-verbais se mostraram expressivos para os roteiros de programas radiofônicos. Um dos objetivos é traçar um painel histórico das rádios que se opuseram ao poder constituído no século XX.

BackgroundThe positive component of Mental Health Literacy refers to a person’s awareness of how to achieve and maintain good mental health. Although explored recently, the term still lacks a clear definition among healthcare practitioners.AimTo identify the attributes and characteristics of PMeHL, as well as its theoretical and practical applications.MethodsLiterature search and review, covering the last 21 years, followed by concept analysis according to the steps described by Walker and Avant approach.ResultsPositive component of Mental Health Literacy is considered one component of (...) MHL, integrating positive mental health. The concept’s attributes include: competence in problem-solving and self-actualization; personal satisfaction; autonomy; relatedness and interpersonal relationship skills; self-control; and prosocial attitude. Four case scenarios were used to clarify the antecedents and consequences of PMeHL.ConclusionPositive component of Mental Health Literacy is considered a component of MHL, which deserves attention throughout the lifespan, in different contexts and intervention levels. Considering PMeHL as a multi-faceted and dynamic construct will help understand the mechanisms that improve mental health and promote healthy behaviors. Priority should be given to robust primary research focused on nursing interventions that enhance and sustain PMeHL in people and families. (shrink)

A Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) busca se confirmar como intervenção emancipadora e transformadora dos sujeitos, consideradas a preocupação com o acolhimento e a especificidade da atenção, como no caso mães adolescentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as condições para a implantação de um ..

Ao longo da história, a relação entre a filosofia e a política tem-se revelado espinhosa, denunciando a dificuldade em se conceptualizar sobre o que é por natureza antagónico à cristalização, porque particular e pluralista. Na esfera da opinião, o filósofo deve restringir-se a analisar, criticar, rever e aperfeiçoar os valores políticos coevos, a explicar aos seus conterrâneos o universo de acepções sociais partilhadas, consciente de que a sua concepção fundamenta uma via entre as muitas poss...

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a noção de ‘existência’ na crítica de Gassendi à prova ontológica cartesiana da Quinta Meditação, a fim de tentar avaliar que pressupostos lógicos e metafísicos estão implicados tanto na afirmação de Gassendi segundo a qual a existência não é uma perfeição, como em sua outra objeção adicional, na qual ele utiliza a lógica dos predicáveis para combater a tese cartesiana de que a existência é uma propriedade.

Uma das problemáticas essenciais do pensamento benjaminiano é, precisamente, a questão da história. Numa época em que a tonalidade dominante é a ameaça da guerra e a destruição das ideologias, dos valores e ideais clássicos, em nome de uma desenfreada visão progressista e continuista da história humana, é preciso despertar do pesadelo da catástrofe da história. É esta que é responsável pela dissolução do conceito de experiência, alienando o homem e deixando-o desamparado e entregue ao vazio da experiência do choque, (...) à fragmentação da narração e à perda da tradição. Recorrendo à tradição judaica da história, pensando e reconfigurando conceitos que lhe são intrínsecos, como o de catástrofe, messianismo, redenção, rememoração, Benjamin constrói uma teoria que possa operar uma desconstrução da continuidade da história, valorizando o objecto histórico, destacando-o do fluxo e salvando-o da catástrofe. Trata-se, assim, de um método destrutivo e violento, mas que visa restaurar uma visão da história que seja capaz de reparar as injustiças e o sofrimento humano. Mais do que histórica e temporal, essa nova ordem inscreve o sagrado na ordem profana, redimindo o acontecimento histórico e salvando-o no instante dialéctico. (shrink)

There has been little consensus around the sequential relationship between organizational affective commitment and workers’ wellbeing. In line with the Conservation of Resources Theory, results of this two-wave study with a contact center employee sample showed that organizational affective commitment decreases work ill-being and increases work wellbeing. Furthermore, in keeping with the loss spiral assumption of this theory, the mediating role of burnout in the affective commitment-health relationship was supported in this study. However, in accordance with the Job Demand-Resources, work (...) engagement was found not to prevent effects on health. The findings have implications for the organizational affective commitment theory, as well as for organizational occupational health policies and interventions. (shrink)

O objetivo deste artigo será abordar algumas relações entre o Pragmatismo e as Ciências Normativas de Charles Sanders Peirce (1889- 1914), à partir das duas declarações a respeito da máxima pragmática. Para tal, tentaremos compreender o significado de consequências práticas e responder a questão: trata-se da busca por uma ética desejável?

This article analyzes a deliberative forum on nanotechnologies, organized in Portugal within the scope of the research project DEEPEN—Deepening Ethical Engagement and Participation in Emerging Nanotechnologies. This event included scientists, science communicators and members of the “lay public”, and resulted in a position document which summarizes collective aspirations and concerns related to nano. Drawing upon our previous experience with focus groups on nanotechnologies—characterized by methodological innovations that aimed at suspending epistemological inequalities between participants—this paper delves into the performativity of the (...) deliberative event, exploring some of the tensions and power/knowledge asymmetries generated by the forum. Recognizing that the design of participatory assemblages matters, we reflect on our role as facilitators and explore the difficulties in organizing exercises of upstream engagement with emerging technologies. (shrink)

Harmful but culturally cherished practices often endure in spite of the damages they cause. Meat consumption is increasingly becoming one of such cases and may provide an opportunity from which to observe these phenomena. Growing evidence indicates that current and projected production and consumption patterns are important contributors to significant environmental problems, public health degradation, and animal suffering. Our aim is to contribute to a further understanding of the psychological factors that may hinder or promote personal disposition to change food (...) habits to benefit each of these domains. Drawing from previous evidence, this study explores the proposition that some consumers are motivated to resort to moral disengagement strategies when called upon to consider the impacts of their food habits. Data were collected from six semi-structured focus groups with a sample of 40 participants. Although affirming personal duties towards preserving the environment, promoting public health, and safeguarding animal welfare, participants did not show personal disposition to change their meat consumption habits. Several patterns of response that resonate with the principles of moral disengagement theory were observed while discussing impacts and the possibility of change. Results seem to support the proposition that the process of moral disengagement may play a role in hindering openness to change food habits for the benefit of the environment, public health, and animals, and point towards the relevance of further exploring this approach. (shrink)

It will never be too much to remember that experience is one of the most important concepts on Benjamin’s thought. It underlies his analysis of the history and also supports his critical theory of literature and has many branches, above all in his texts after 1930. His text “The Image of Proust” develops the concept of involuntary memory, which explains the question of auratic image in the work of Proust, obtained by the process of rememoration and also explained by the (...) contribution of Freud’s studies about the traumatic shock and its consequences on the perception’s conditions of the contemporary man. These conceptions led Benjamin to a deep thought about the way how shock and rememoration can be articulated in order to create a new historical vision, individual and collective. We examine here, in the fields of the arts, literature and history, how this articulation can defines a new conception of experience and the possibility, or not, of the transmission of the culture, in a world where, as Kafka said, “the tradition became sick”. The question is: will rememoration, this Penelope’s web, be able to operate the rescue of the historical tradition? And which tradition are we speaking here about? What does rememoration mean? (shrink)

Na sua obra Spectres de Marx, Derrida parte da análise da tese II da obra de Benjamin, Über den Begriff der Geschichte, onde o autor fala do índex messiânico que cabe ao historiador redescobrir e restaurar. Benjamin não se refere a este messianismo em termos teológicos nem tradicionais, mas pensa, a partir de uma ideia de secularização do messianismo, que contém um potencial inédito para a compreensão e leitura da história. Derrida segue-lhe o raciocínio e interpreta, de forma magnífica, em (...) que consiste este carácter de “messiânico sem messianis mo” e qual o seu significado no contexto de um pensamento político e revolucionário. (shrink)

This essay aims to examine whether the Welfare State project has failed and how this apparent failure is intrinsically connected to the rise of citizen discontent. By tracing the historical roots of the Rechtsstaat and its development into the Welfare State, we highlight how the increasing gap between grand promises and their limited fulfillment has fueled widespread discontent. The much-acclaimed Welfare State seems to have transformed itself into a Malaise State, marked by a dual institutional failure: the inability to universalize (...) its promises and the lack of political responses to the social discontent caused by that first incapacity. In this context, what was once considered a collective social desire has become (hyper)individualized within a “turboglobalized” world, inverting the traditional relation in which public improvement had the capacity to positively impact private life. Despite this, the responsibility of governments remains justified, as the transfer of power through democratic elections inherently carries the condition of accountability. However, democracy by itself seems unable to resolve these crises, especially when it comes to the well know populisms that carry out the so-called policies of disconcertment. Traditional institutional structures and power divisions also fall short, as the crisis of liberal democracy transcends national borders, becoming a shared Western dilemma. This scenario presents a paradox: while liberal democracy struggles with its self-created problems, abandoning its core values risks descent into tyranny. How, then, can we bridge the democracy gap while remaining democratic? We identify that a forward-thinking State philosophy, rooted in institutional (re)imagination and a reconstruction of the political and conceptual foundations of power, offers a viable pathway for addressing these impasses and envisioning effective solutions. (shrink)

In this paper, we investigate the rules that should underlie a computer program that is capable of revising its beliefs or opinions. Such a program maintains a model of its environment, which is updated to reflect perceived changes in the environment. This model is stored in a knowledge base, and the program draws logical inferences from the information in the knowledge base. All the inferences drawn are added to the knowledge base. Among the propositions in the knowledge base, there are (...) some in which the program believes, and there may be others in which the program does not believe. Inputs from the outside world or reasoning carried out by the program may lead to the detection of contradictions, in which case the program has to revise its beliefs in order to get rid of the contradiction and to accommodate the new information. (shrink)

This book symposium comprises a précis of Nuno Venturinha’s Description of Situations: An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology together with four critical commentaries on different aspects of the book by Marcelo Carvalho, João Vergílio Gallerani Cuter, Marcos Silva and Darlei Dall’Agnol, and the author’s replies.

RESUMO A partir de dois romances de Moacyr Scliar, Cenas da vida minúscula e A Majestade do Xingu, podemos propor um percurso de risco e reconhecimento da palavra alheia em permanente trânsito, para uma suposta afirmação do imaginário judaico tendo a região amazônica como cenário do percurso de enredos altamente inventivos do autor gaúcho. Em ambos os romances, há vozes orquestradoras e poderosas capazes de produzir linhas sinuosas de escavações dialógicas e que se remetem a produzir várias possibilidades de afirmação (...) da voz do outro assimilada, por meio da evocação da própria força projetiva do processo de devoração do veio literário proposto. A compreensão da assimilação da palavra alheia torna-se instrumento essencial para entrar em contato com a complexidade de formação e fundação de tantas etnias que se cruzaram em terras brasileiras. (shrink)

The imposition of telework due to the COVID-19 pandemic brought with it the need for individuals to readjust their work-non-work boundaries. In this crisis situation, individuals’ needs to manage these boundaries may have been influenced by contextual factors, such as family-supportive supervisor behaviors and macro-structural aspects, such as the country to which the teleworkers belong. This study tests the mediating effect of boundary control on the relationship between FSSB and satisfaction with life and examines the moderating effect of the country (...) in the relationship between FSSB and boundary control. With a sample of 108 Portuguese and 118 Pakistani individuals, the results were analyzed using Process tool. FSSB was found to be important for teleworkers to control their boundaries and for their satisfaction with life and this control was also seen to contribute to higher levels of life satisfaction. Differences between the two countries were observed: boundary control mediates the relationship between FSSB and satisfaction with life for Pakistani teleworkers and these workers are more dependent on FSSB to exercise boundary control than Portuguese teleworkers. This study highlights the importance of considering contextual factors when implementing telework. Practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

Este artigo focaliza a construção de novos espaços para a loucura no processo de fortalecimento de pessoas que transitaram do papel de usuárias de um serviço de saúde mental para o lugar de cuidadores. Realizamos um estudo de caso no Movimento de Saúde Mental Comunitário do Bom Jardim (Fortaleza/Cea..